Junk Food Is Almost Twice as Distracting as Healthy Food

By Sondra Forsyth

Even when people are hard at work, pictures of cookies, pizza and ice cream can distract them — and these junk food images are almost twice as distracting as health food pictures, concludes a 2017Johns Hopkins University study, which also found that after a few bites of candy, people found junk food no more interesting than kale.

A release from Johns Hopkins reports that the study, which underscores people’s implicit bias for fatty, sugary foods, and confirms the old adage that you shouldn’t grocery shop hungry, was published online in October 2017 by the journal Psychonomic Bulletin and Review.

The release quotes co-author Howard Egeth, a professor in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, as saying, “We wanted to see if pictures of food, particularly high-fat, high-calorie food, would be a distraction for people engaged in a complicated task. So we showed them carrots and apples, and it slowed them down. We showed them bicycles and thumb tacks, and it slowed them down. But when we showed them chocolate cake and hot dogs, these things slowed them down about twice as much.”

First, Egeth and lead author Corbin A. Cunningham, Distinguished Science of Learning Fellow in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, created a complicated computer task, in which food was irrelevant, and asked a group of participants to find the answers as quickly as possible. As the participants worked diligently, pictures flashed in the periphery of the screen — visible for only 125 milliseconds, which is too quick for people to fully realize what they just saw. The pictures were a mix of images of high-fat, high-calorie foods, healthy foods, or items that weren’t food.

All of the pictures distracted people from the task, but Cunningham and Egeth found things like doughnuts, potato chips, cheese and candy were about twice as distracting. The healthy food pictures — like carrots, apples and salads — were no more distracting to people than non-foods like bicycles, lava lamps and footballs.

Next, the researchers recreated the experiment, but had a new group of participants eat two fun-sized candy bars before starting the computer work.

The researchers were surprised to find that after eating the chocolate, people weren’t distracted by the high-fat, high-calorie food images any more than by healthy foods or other pictures.

The researchers wonder now if less chocolate or even other snacks would have the same effect.

“I assume it was because it was a delicious, high-fat, chocolatey snack,” Egeth said. “But what if we gave them an apple? What if we gave them a zero-calorie soda? What if we told the subjects they’d get money if they performed the task quickly, which would be a real incentive not to get distracted. Could junk food pictures override even that?”

Cunningham said the results strikingly demonstrate that even when food is entirely irrelevant, and even when people think they’re working hard and concentrating, food has the power to sneak in and grab our attention — at least until we eat a little of it.

“What your grandmother might have told you about not going to the grocery store hungry seems to be true,” Cunningham said. “You would probably make choices that you shouldn’t or ordinarily wouldn’t.”

Image credit: Greg Stanley/JHU